Niobium

Transition metal · 92.90637 u · group 5, period 5

Niobium · Nb

Atomic number41

SymbolNb

CategoryTransition metal

Standard stateSolid

Group · Period · Block5 · 5 · d

Electron configuration[Kr]5s1 4d4

Atomic mass92.90637 u

Atomic radius207 pm

Protons / Neutrons / Electrons41 / 52 / 41

Shells (e⁻ per shell)2, 8, 18, 12, 1

Electronegativity (Pauling)1.6

Ionization energy6.759 eV

Electron affinity0.893 eV

Oxidation states+5, +3

Melting point2.75e+3 K · 2.48e+3 °C

Boiling point5.02e+3 K · 4.74e+3 °C

Density8.57 g/cm³

Year discovered1801

CPK color

#73C2C9

State at room temp (25 °C)

solid

Position